Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
Breeding distribution change
Common resident (some released) and winter visitor from north Europe
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Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013
Atlas species lists
- Breeding distribution 1995–2000
- Summer abundance 1995–2000
- Winter distribution 1995–2000
- Winter abundance 1995–2000
- Breeding distribution 2007–2012
- Summer abundance 2007–2012
- Winter distribution 2007–2012
- Winter abundance 2007–2012
- Breeding distribution change
- Summer abundance change
- Winter distribution change
- Winter abundance change
More Mallard maps
- Breeding distribution 1995–2000
- Summer abundance 1995–2000
- Winter distribution 1995–2000
- Winter abundance 1995–2000
- Breeding distribution 2007–2012
- Summer abundance 2007–2012
- Winter distribution 2007–2012
- Winter abundance 2007–2012
- Breeding distribution change
- Summer abundance change
- Winter distribution change
- Winter abundance change
Map explanation
This map shows where changes occurred in the breeding season distribution of the species in Wiltshire between 1995-2000 and 2007-2012, as revealed by the fieldwork for Birds of Wiltshire (Wiltshire Ornithological Society 2007) and the shared fieldwork for Bird Atlas 2007-2011 (BTO 2013) and for Wiltshire Tetrad Atlas 2007-2012.
Gains and improvements
Status
Nos tetrads
Absent to present
66
7%
Present to breeding
98
11%
Absent to breeding
53
6%
No change
Status
Nos tetrads
Present in both
52
6%
Breeding in both
208
23%
Losses and declines
Status
Nos tetrads
Present to absent
83
9%
Breeding to present
49
5%
Breeding to absent
42
5%
Abundant throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic to the subtropics, and widely introduced elsewhere, Mallards are the common ancestors of most domesticated ducks, which has led to a good deal of interbreeding between escaped and wild ducks and to the establishment of naturalised populations outside their natural range. Large numbers are also bred and released for shooting which further complicates attempts to estimate population trends.
In Great Britain numbers declined sharply following the widespread drainage of wetlands and improvements in wildfowlers’ firearms from the 18th century onwards. It was only when various wildlife protection acts, for example banning shooting during the breeding season, began to take effect at the beginning of the 20th century that numbers started to increase again until by the end of that century the species was ubiquitous and numbering in the hundreds of thousands. The resident population is augmented in winter by migrants from northern Europe. A recent marked decrease in winter numbers is suspected to have been the result of warmer winters causing fewer continental birds to migrate westwards.
In Wiltshire Mallards were regarded as a familiar species in the 19th century but mostly as winter visitors. In the 20th century the county’s resident breeding population built up in line with the national trend, reaching an estimated 1500-2000 pairs by the end of the century (Birds of Wiltshire). By then they were to be found wherever suitable habitat was available, from small ponds to major lakes and rivers, giving little scope for further range expansion: they were recorded in 532 tetrads in Birds of Wiltshire and in 526 in Bird Atlas 2007-2011. There was however some increase in productivity over the decade (again reflecting the national trend) with confirmed or probable breeding recorded in 353 tetrads compared with 299 tetrads ten years previously.
References
The following references are used throughout these species accounts, in the abbreviated form given in quotation marks:
“1968-72 Breeding Atlas” – Sharrack, J.T.R. 1976: The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland. T. & A. Poyser
“1981-84 Winter Atlas” – Lack, P.C. 1986: The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland. T. & A. Poyser
“1988-91 Breeding Atlas” – Gibbons, D.W., Reid, J.B. & Chapman, R.A. 1993: The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland 1988-91. T. & A. Poyser
“Birds of Wiltshire” – Ferguson-Lees, I.J. et al. 2007 : Birds of Wiltshire, published by the tetrad atlas group of the Wiltshire Ornithological Society after mapping fieldwork 1995-2000. Wiltshire Ornithological Society.
“Bird Atlas 2007-2011” – Balmer, D.E., Gillings, S., Caffrey, B.J., Swann, R.L., Downie, I.S. and Fuller, R.J. 2013: Bird Atlas 2007-2011: the Breeding and Wintering Birds of Britain and Ireland
“WTA2” – ("Wiltshire Tetrad Atlas 2 ") the present electronic publication, bringing together the Wiltshire data from “Birds of Wiltshire” and “Bird Atlas 2007-11”, together with data from further fieldwork carried out in 2011 and 2012.
"Hobby" - the annual bird report of the Wiltshire Ornithological Society.