Sand Martin Riparia riparia
Breeding distribution change
Rare and local summer visitor/passage, breeds Europe, winters Africa
Hide topography
Show rivers
Show woodland
Show urbanisation
Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013
Atlas species lists
- Breeding distribution 1995–2000
- Summer abundance 1995–2000
- Winter distribution 1995–2000
- Winter abundance 1995–2000
- Breeding distribution 2007–2012
- Summer abundance 2007–2012
- Winter distribution 2007–2012
- Winter abundance 2007–2012
- Breeding distribution change
- Summer abundance change
- Winter distribution change
- Winter abundance change
More Sand Martin maps
- Breeding distribution 1995–2000
- Summer abundance 1995–2000
- Winter distribution 1995–2000
- Winter abundance 1995–2000
- Breeding distribution 2007–2012
- Summer abundance 2007–2012
- Winter distribution 2007–2012
- Winter abundance 2007–2012
- Breeding distribution change
- Summer abundance change
- Winter distribution change
- Winter abundance change
More maps for this atlas
Map explanation
This map shows where changes occurred in the breeding season distribution of the species in Wiltshire between 1995-2000 and 2007-2012, as revealed by the fieldwork for Birds of Wiltshire (Wiltshire Ornithological Society 2007) and the shared fieldwork for Bird Atlas 2007-2011 (BTO 2013) and for Wiltshire Tetrad Atlas 2007-2012.
Gains and improvements
Status
Nos tetrads
Absent to present
53
6%
Present to breeding
0
0%
Absent to breeding
0
0%
No change
Status
Nos tetrads
Present in both
13
1%
Breeding in both
6
1%
Losses and declines
Status
Nos tetrads
Present to absent
26
3%
Breeding to present
2
<1%
Breeding to absent
5
1%
Sand Martins breed throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere, including in every European country except Iceland. The European population winters in sub-Saharan Africa, the British population almost exclusively in West Africa. They are vulnerable to climate variations in their wintering areas and their numbers can crash in years of severe drought in the African Sahel. It can take two years or more for their populations to recover after such a crash. Pairs regularly fledge two broods which helps to speed the rate of recovery.
In Great Britain they are widespread north of a line drawn from the Wash to the Severn estuary but more sparsely scattered south of that line. Bird Atlas 2007-2011 recorded them in 61% of 10km squares, which represented a 14% reduction in range since the 1968-72 Bird Atlas made up by a 506 fall in the number of occupied 10km squares mostly south of the Wash/Severn dividing line, partly offset by a 212 increase in occupied squares mainly in northwest Scotland.
In Wiltshire they have been recorded nesting in at least one year since 1949 in 23 different sites, but Birds of Wiltshire recorded breeding in only 13 locations, a total which had fallen to just six (five at the CWP and one at Calne Sand-pits) by the time of the fieldwork for WTA2 between 2007 and 2012. The 2017 Wiltshire Bird Report in Hobby 24 recorded them breeding in just a single CWP site.
References
The following references are used throughout these species accounts, in the abbreviated form given in quotation marks:
“1968-72 Breeding Atlas” – Sharrack, J.T.R. 1976: The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland. T. & A. Poyser
“1981-84 Winter Atlas” – Lack, P.C. 1986: The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland. T. & A. Poyser
“1988-91 Breeding Atlas” – Gibbons, D.W., Reid, J.B. & Chapman, R.A. 1993: The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland 1988-91. T. & A. Poyser
“Birds of Wiltshire” – Ferguson-Lees, I.J. et al. 2007: Birds of Wiltshire, published by the tetrad atlas group of the Wiltshire Ornithological Society after mapping fieldwork 1995-2000. Wiltshire Ornithological Society.
“Bird Atlas 2007-2011” – Balmer, D.E., Gillings, S., Caffrey, B.J., Swann, R.L., Downie, I.S. and Fuller, R.J. 2013: Bird Atlas 2007-2011: the Breeding and Wintering Birds of Britain and Ireland
“WTA2” – ("Wiltshire Tetrad Atlas 2 ") the present electronic publication, bringing together the Wiltshire data from “Birds of Wiltshire” and “Bird Atlas 2007-11”, together with data from further fieldwork carried out in 2011 and 2012.
"Hobby" - the annual bird report of the Wiltshire Ornithological Society.